Relief from Bladder Infections -
Bacterial adherence to mucosa is thought to be an initial and important
stage to cause urinary tract infection. Among some mechanisms of bacterial
adherence, the role of fimbriae and its receptor is worthy of notice.
In particular, type 1 fimbriae, for which mannose is assumed as a
receptor, is reported as the most common type and called "common
fimbriae". Therefore if a certain amount of mannose is present
in urine, it will cover the fimbriae of bacteria and competitively
block the bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa. As the first step,
we tried to detect mannose in urine by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). Sugar can be measured by detecting the fluorescence which
is produced by a sugar separated by ion exchange, reacting with arginine
at high temperature. The results using standard sugar samples should
have highly stable retention time and concentration curve with the
minimum detectable mannose concentration of 0.02 microgram. We investigated
mannose in urine from 186 cases. Since the mannose peak was often
masked by near unidentified peaks, the peak of mannose could be detected
only in 80 cases and its concentration could be measured only in 24
cases. Mannose concentration in the urine of the 24 cases was between
2.6 and 108.7 micrograms/ml and in most of cases it was lower than
20 micrograms/ml. Secondary, we examined the possibility of a mannose
in urine to prevent bacterial adherence to mucosa by the hemagglutination
test using guinea pig erythrocytes and type 1 fimbriated E. coli.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zafriri D, Ofek I, Adar R, Pocino
M, Sharon N Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of
Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Inhibition of bacterial adherence
to bladder cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial
action ascribed to cranberry juice and cranberry juice cocktail
in the prevention of urinary tract infections (A. E. Sobota, J.
Urol. 131:1013-1016, 1984). We have examined the effect of the cocktail
and juice on the adherence of Escherichia coli expressing surface
lectins of defined sugar specificity to yeasts, tissue culture cells,
erythrocytes, and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cranberry juice
cocktail inhibited the adherence of urinary isolates expressing
type 1 fimbriae (mannose specific) and P fimbriae [specific for
alpha-D-Gal(1----4)-beta-D-Gal] but had no effect on a diarrheal
isolate expressing a CFA/I adhesin. The cocktail also inhibited
yeast agglutination by purified type 1 fimbriae. The inhibitory
activity for type 1 fimbriated E. coli was dialyzable and could
be ascribed to the fructose present in the cocktail; this sugar
was about 1/10 as active as methyl alpha-D-mannoside in inhibiting
the adherence of type 1 fimbriated bacteria. The inhibitory activity
for the P fimbriated bacteria was nondialyzable and was detected
only after preincubation of the bacteria with the cocktail. Cranberry
juice, orange juice, and pineapple juice also inhibited adherence
of type 1 fimbriated E. coli, most likely because of their fructose
content. However, the two latter juices did not inhibit the P fimbriated
bacteria. We conclude that cranberry juice contains at least two
inhibitors of lectin-mediated adherence of uropathogens to eucaryotic
cells. Further studies are required to establish whether these inhibitors
play a role in vivo.
PMID: 2653218 Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai
Zasshi 1989 Dec;80(12):1816-23 [Anti-bacterial defense mechanism
of the urinary bladder. Role of mannose in urine]. [Article in Japanese]
Toyota S, Fukushi Y, Katoh S, Orikasa S, Suzuki Y
PMID: 2576290, UI: 90172805
[See also Dr. Jonathan Wright's article on mannose and urinary tract
infections online http://www.tahoma-clinic.com/mannose.shtml ] Am
J Vet Res 2000 Apr;61(4):446-9
Use of specific sugars to inhibit bacterial adherence to equine
endometrium in vitro.
King SS, Young DA, Nequin LG, Carnevale EM
Department of Animal Science, Food,
and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Science, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale 62901, USA. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether
specific sugars inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus zooepidemicus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to equine endometrial
epithelial cells in vitro. SAMPLE POPULATION: Endometrial biopsy
specimens collected during estrus from 7 healthy mares. PROCEDURE:
Endometrial specimens on glass slides were incubated for 30 minutes
at 4 C with suspensions of S. zooepidemicus, P. aeruginosa, or E.
coli in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) alone or with
various concentrations of D-(+)-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-(+)-glucose, galactose, or N-acetyl-neuraminic
acid. Inhibition of bacterial adherence was determined by comparing
adhesion of bacteria (i.e., percentage of glandular epithelial cells
with adherent bacteria) suspended in each sugar solution with that
of bacteria suspended in PBSS. RESULTS: Mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
inhibited adhesion of E. coli and P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells,
whereas only mannose inhibited adhesion of S. zooepidemicus. The
other sugars did not affect bacterial adherence. CONCLUSIONS AND
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine appear
to play a role in adhesion of S. zooepidemicus, P. aeruginosa, and
E. coli to equine endometrium. In horses with uterine infections,
use of sugars to competitively displace bacteria from attachment
sites on cells may provide an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. PMID:
10772112
Effect of D-mannose and D-glucose
on Escherichia coli bacteriuria in rats, Urol Res 11(2):97-102,
1983.
Mannose-sensitive adherence of Escherichia
coli to epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract
infections, J Urol 131(5):906-910, May 1984.
Mannose-sensitive hemagglutination
in the absence of piliation in Escherichia coli, Mol Microb 4(8):1311-1318,
August 1990.
Mannose Sensitive Adherence of Escherichia
coli to Epithelial Cells. Eighty-First Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology. Dallas, Texas. March 2-4, 1981.
Effect of D-Mannose on Escherichia
coli Adherence to Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells and Hemagglutination.
American Urological Association. Seventy-Sixth Annual Meeting. Boston,
Massachusetts. May 11, 1981
Prevention of Escherichia coli Bacteriuria
in Rats by D-Mannose. American Urological Association. Boston, Massachusetts.
May 11, 1981.
Regulation of Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutination in Clinical Isolates
of Escherichia coli. In Kass EH, Svanborg-Eden C, eds:
Host-Parasite Interactions in Urinary
Tract Infections 115-121, Chicago, Illinois, 1989. The University
of Chicago Press.
Contribution of Escherichia coli
Type l Pili to Ascending Urinary Tract Colonization in Mice. eds:
Host-Parasite Interactions in Urinary Tract Infections 341-347,
Chicago, Illinois, 1989. The University of Chicago Press.
Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and
type P fimbriated Escherichia coli to eucaryotic cells.
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